html div, id en class – Prikkels Trainingen Aruba

Basiscursus HTML en CSS

Over divs

Divs, oftewel <div> elementen in HTML, zijn als bouwstenen voor je webpagina. Ze helpen je om delen van je pagina in te delen en te structureren. Denk aan een div als een lege lijst waarin je een foto, schilderij of tekst kunt plaatsen.

Door divs slim te gebruiken, kun je je pagina indelen in verschillende secties, zoals een header, navigatiebalk, inhoudsgebied en een voettekst. Met CSS kun je vervolgens deze divs stijlen en opmaken, zodat je pagina er netjes en overzichtelijk uitziet.

Kort gezegd, divs zijn als de bouwstenen van je webpagina, waarmee je structuur kunt creëren en content kunt organiseren.

We gaan daar nu mee aan de slag.
Denk er weer aan dat je de suggesties van Sublime Text zoveel mogelijk gebruikt!

De map startbestanden uitbreiden

We gaan eerst de map startbestanden wat uitbreiden.
Open deze map in Subime Text.
Maak een nieuw bestand met de naam style.css en sla het op in de map startbestanden.
Typ de code @charset “UTF-8”; in het bestand. bewaar het opnieuw en sluit het weer af.
Voeg de link naar het css-bestand toe aan de head-sectie van index.html
Verander de titel in Een vlag van divs
Sluit dit bestand ook weer af.
Open de map startbestanden en maak daar een map met de naam images.

Elke keer dat je de map startbestanden kopieert voor een nieuwe opdracht is deze dus meteen klaar om gebruikt te worden.

				
					@charset "UTF-8";

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <title>Een vlag van divs</title>
    <link data-asynced="1" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"  rel="preload" type="text/css" href="style.css">
</head>
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</html>

Het div-element in HTML

Maak een kopie van de map startbestanden en noem deze opdracht_3
Open de map in Sublime Text, ga naar het indexbestand en typ de divs in de body.

Als je de index van opdracht 3 opent in Firefox zie je nog niets.
Dat komt omdat de divs geen eigenschappen en geen inhoud hebben.
We gaan naar het css bestand om de divs eigenschappen te geven waarmee we ze zichtbaar maken.
Daarvoor moeten we ze wel eerst een naam geven zodat we ze aan kunnen spreken.

				
					@charset "UTF-8";charset

				
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    <link data-asynced="1" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"  rel="preload" type="text/css" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
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</html>

De Id-selector

Een naam voor een HTML-element noemen we een id-selector

Voeg de id-selectors toe aan de divs.
Kijk goed naar de syntax.
De id staat altijd tussen aanhalingstekens (” “)

We zijn nu klaar om naar style.css te gaan

				
					@charset "UTF-8";charset

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <title>Een vlag van divs</title>
    <link data-asynced="1" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"  rel="preload" type="text/css" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
    <div id = "r"></div>
    <div id = "w"></div>
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</html>

De divs een uiterlijk geven

We gaan de rule maken voor de div “r” in style.css
Die begint met de selector #r
Als we een id aanspreken gebruiken we altijd een hash (#) en daarachter de naam die we het element gegeven hebben.

We gaan voor de div de breedte, de hoogte en de achtergrondkleur vastleggen.
Kijk goed in het voorbeeld hoe dat gedaan is.
400px betekent 400 pixels. Zonder de px zou css niet weten wat het moet doen.

Bekijk in Firefox het resultaat.
Als het goed gegaan is maak je ook de css-rules voor #w en #b
De breedte en de hoogte zijn steeds hetzelfde.
#w krijgt achtergrondkler white en #b wordt blue

				
					@charset "UTF-8";

#r{	
	width: 400px;
	height: 80px;
	background-color: red;
}

De class-selector

Als we de afmetingen van de vlag nu willen veranderen moeten we voor elke div opnieuw de width en height aanpassen.
Dat zou gemakkelijker moeten kunnen.
En dat kan!

We geven de divs nu ook een classname.
Kijk weer goed naar de syntax en neem de code over in jouw html-bestand.

De drie divs hebben nu elk dezelfde className.
Hiermee kunnen we ze dus alle drie tegelijk aanspreken.

Bekijk de css code in het voorbeeld goed.
Een classSelector begint in CSS altijd met een punt (.)
De breedte en de hoogte wordt via de class-selector voor de drie divs tegelijk vastgelegd.
Met de Id-selectors wordt alleen de achtergrondlkeur vastgelegd.

Neem nu de code over en controleer in Firefox of de vlag nog goed weergegeven wordt.
Verander bij .v de breedte in 100px en de hoogte in 20px.
Als de vlag nu kleiner is heb je het goed gedaan.

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <title>Een vlag van divs</title>
    <link data-asynced="1" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"  rel="preload" type="text/css" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
    <div class = "v" id = "r"></div>
    <div class = "v" id = "w"></div>
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</html>

				
					@charset "UTF-8";

.v{
	width: 100px;
	height: 20px;
}
#r{	
	background-color: red;
}
#w{	
	background-color: white;
}
#b{	
	background-color: blue;
}

Kennis en vaardigheden

Controleer of je de begrippen uit onderstaande lijst begrijpt en kunt toepassen.
Ze kunnen in een toets aan de orde komen.

Divs
Id-selector (#)
Class-selector(.)

width
height
px
backgroundcolor