Basiscursus HTML en CSS

De CSS syntax

CSS wordt gebruikt om de vormgeving van een of meerdere HTML pagina’s vast te leggen.
We doen dit dus ook met code?
CSS-code heeft een andere syntax als HTML.
Deze syntax is eenvoudiger wat betreft structuur, maar heeft wel heel veel mogelijkheden waardoor het moeilijker lijkt.

Eerst even een korte uitleg van de syntax;

De CSS syntax

Nou….. Dat was eigenlijk alles. De theorie heb je nu gehad.
Op naar de oefeningen!

				
					@charset "UTF-8";

selector{
	peroperty: value;
	peroperty: value;
	peroperty: value;
}

				
			

Een nieuw CSS bestand maken

style.css koppelen aan index.html

 

De bestanden zijn nu gekoppeld.

 

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <title>De ontdekkingen van jouw naam</title>
    <link data-asynced="1" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"  rel="preload" type="text/css" href="style.css">
</head>
<body> <script data-no-optimize="1">!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function i(t){return e({},it,t)}function o(t,e){var n,a="LazyLoad::Initialized",i=new t(e);try{n=new CustomEvent(a,{detail:{instance:i}})}catch(t){(n=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(a,!1,!1,{instance:i})}window.dispatchEvent(n)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,bt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,bt,e)}function r(t){return s(t,null),0}function u(t){return null===c(t)}function d(t){return c(t)===vt}function f(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function _(t,e){nt?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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</html>
				
			

De eerste CSS-rule

  • We kunnen nu aan de slag met de opmaak van het HTML-bestand.
 
				
					@charset "UTF-8";

h1{
	font-family: sans-serif;
}

				
			
Je kunt nu verder met het uitbreiden van de rule voor de h1-selector.

Bij elke property die je verandert, kijk je in Firefox wat die verandering is.
Op deze manier leer je vanzelf wat de verschillende properties en values betekenen.

				
					@charset "UTF-8";

h1{
	font-family: sans-serif;
	font-size: 56px;
	font-weight: 100;
	text-align: center;
	text-transform: uppercase;
	color: darkgoldenrod;
}

				
			

De volgende selectoren

Neem regel voor regel de rules voor de h2-selector en de p-selector over.
Ga nooit verder voordat je gezien hebt wat een property of value doet met de stijl in Firefox.

Blijf je wel gebruik maken van de suggesties?
Je kunt daar thuis indruk mee maken als je laat zien hoe snel jij code maakt.
Het komt superprofessioneel over.

				
					h2{
	font-family: sans-serif;
	font-style: italic;
	text-align: center;
	font-weight: 100;
	color: orangered;
}
p{
	font-family: monospace;
	text-align: center;
	font-size: 22px;
	font-weight: 100;
}
				
			

De hyperlink opmaken

				
					<a href="https://college.schakelaruba.com"><h3>Mijn School</h3></a>
				
			

In de HTML-code heb je een h3-tag genest in de a-tag.
Dat is gedaan om de opmaak van het a-element en de zichtbare tekst volledig te kunnen controleren.
Neem de code weer stap voor stap over.
Zorg dat je weer elke keer ziet wat er gebeurt met het resultaat in Firefox.

				
					
a{	
	text-decoration: none;
}
h3{     
	font-size: 36px;
	padding: 20px;
	background-color: orangered;
	text-align: center;
	color: white;
}
				
			

De inLine-tags opmaken

Neem regel voor regel de rules voor de selectoren em, strong en span over.
Ga nooit verder voordat je gezien hebt wat een property of value doet met de stijl in Firefox.
Je ziet hier dat span geen standaard opmaak heeft, maar wel gebruikt kan worden voor het vastleggen van stijl in CSS.

				
					em{
	color: orangered;
	font-family: fantasy;
	font-weight: 700;
	font-size: 48px;
}
strong{
	color: darkgoldenrod;
	font-weight: 700;
	font-style: italic;
	font-size: 42px;
	vertical-align: -20px;
}
span{
	color: lightgreen;
	vertical-align: -20px;
}
				
			

Het plaatje afmaken

Met de selector img verander je de stijl van de afbeelding.
De properties margin-left en left zijn misschien wat ingewikkeld.
Probeer toch te begrijpen wat ze doen.

				
					img{
	position: relative;
	text-align: center;
	width: 200px;
	margin-left: 50%;
	left: -100px;
	border: 10px solid orangered;
	border-radius: 50%;
}
				
			

The finishing touch

Voeg helemaal boven in het CSS-document de body-selector toe en verander de achtergrondkleur in zwart.

In de afbeelding hieronder kun je zien hoe het resultaat er uit moet zien.
Als je verschillen ziet, zoek dan uit waardoor dat komt.

				
					@charset "UTF-8";

body{
	background-color: black;
}
				
			

Kennis en vaardigheden

Controleer of je de begrippen uit onderstaande lijst begrijpt en kunt toepassen.
Ze kunnen in een toets aan de orde komen.

  • Link/koppeling
  • CSS-rule
  • Css- declaratie
  • selector
  • property
  • value
  • font-family (sans-serif)
  • font-size
  • font-weight
  • font-style (italic)
  • text-align (center)
  • text-transform (uppercase)
  • text-decoration
  • vertical-align
  • color
  • background-color
  • position
  • width
  • margin
  • left
  • border
  • border-radius